Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): January

The study was conducted in public elementary schools in Malita District to determine the conflict resolution skills and team-building competence of school heads as a model for effective school management. A descriptive correlational design was employed. Descriptive statistics and correlational analysis were used in the study. The level of conflict management, collaboration, and compromise achieved the highest mean, while accommodation was the lowest. Among the indicators of team building competence of school heads, accountability had the highest mean, while the lowest mean was achieved by interdependence. The result showed that as conflict resolution increases, team building decreases. Based on the study's results, training in fair negotiations and conflict resolution should be provided to school administrators to enhance their ability to resolve disputes effectively. Additionally, the results suggest that school administrators should recognize its meaning and open themselves up to a contact structure that allows faculty members to participate. Subsequently, school administrators need to integrate conflict resolution skills as a key component in enhancing the school environment.

Pummelo is popular in the market worldwide; however, sorting is necessary to meet the market's demands. This study was conducted to design, fabricate, and evaluate the performance of a Pummelo sorting machine. Three conveyor belt speeds, each replicated three times, were used in the actual field test, resulting in a total of nine experiments. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in one-way ANOVA was used to differentiate significant differences among treatment means. Belt speeds for treatment tests were 7-8, 11-12, and 27-28 meters per minute. Further tests of significant differences among means of treatment were done using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 5% level of significance. Results showed that the sorter's highest sorting capacity was achieved at 507 pieces per hour, using a conveyor belt speed of 27-28 meters per minute. The highest mean sorting efficiency was recorded at 96.97% at a conveyor belt speed of 11-12 m/min.  The lowest mechanical damage, with a mean of 0.48%, occurred at a conveyor belt speed of 7-8 m/min. The manual sorting had an average capacity of 477 pieces per hour and a mean efficiency of 72.78%.  A pummelo sorter operating at a conveyor belt speed of 27-28 meters per minute, with a sorting capacity of 507 fruits per hour, had a total estimated sorting output of 973,440 fruits per year. It had an operating cost of Php0.088 per piece with a custom rate of Php0.118 per fruit. The sorter had to sort 384,536 pieces of Pummelo to attain the break-even cost of operation. 

This study was conducted in Tubalan Cove to determine the levels of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phosphates, nitrates, pH, salinity, temperature, and transparency; to assess the volume of fish and shellfish caught; and to evaluate the awareness level of coastal residents regarding the preservation efforts in Tubalan Cove.  Turbidity was significantly higher in Alibungog than in Tubalan and Udalo. Temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) vary insignificantly among the three sampling stations. Water parameters with high levels included COD, phosphates, and Ammonium-Nitrogen (N), while parameters with normal levels were pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, nitrite, salinity, and hydrogen sulfide. The mean age of the respondents was 39 years, and the majority had a high school education or less.  The most frequently caught fish was Nokos (squid). A typical day involved 4 hours of fishing, 4 days a week. The gill net was a common type of fishing gear.  Tuway shells were frequently caught during gleaning, which involved spending 3 hours a day, 2 days a week, gleaning. Tagad was a common type of gleaning gear. Moreover, the participants revealed that they caught more fish and shells before the establishment of cage aquaculture in the area. Respondents were moderately aware of dynamite and poison fishing, as well as the use of fine mesh nets, but were less aware of water quality monitoring. Tubalan Cove is still at a safe level. 

This study aimed to determine whether seaweed drippings, as a foliar fertilizer, could act alone or as a supplement to other fertilizers in bringing significant changes to crop growth, yield, and post-harvest qualities of cucumber. This is because there are reports of its fungicidal properties, suggesting it could substitute for the effects of conventional fertilization in other crops. The application of different types of fertilizers and levels of seaweed-based foliar fertilizer (SbFF) does not contribute to the significant improvement of days to flower emergence, sex ratio, number of fruits developed, fruit length, chlorophyll content, plant nutrient status, and post-harvest qualities of cucumber. However, significant improvements were observed in dry matter yield, fruit weight, and yield. A single application of synthetic fertilizer or vermin compost produced longer fruits and heavier dry matter; however, the inclusion of SbFF as a supplement did not further improve these parameters. In addition, foliar supplementation of SbFF to a basal application of both inorganic and vermicompost did not further improve its yield. However, when SbFF was applied alone, a dramatic improvement in yield was observed compared to the unfertilized treatment. Hence, the foliar application of seaweed-based fertilizer is not merely a supplement to fertilizer, but can also bring about significant changes in cucumber yield. This treatment yielded better performance than the control and was comparable to the yield of cucumber plants singly applied with vermicompost and the recommended rate of fertilizer. This increased yield further resulted in higher profit.

Globalization and neoliberalism have changed human thinking, including that of indigenous cultures. This qualitative-exploratory research aimed to ascertain the personal views, opinions, and perspectives of indigenous students on their customary conflict resolution laws within the context of their liberal education. Thirty-six self-identified Tagacaolos, Blaan, Manobo, and Tausug participants took part in the study.   Focus group interviews were used to obtain the information. Results revealed that most tribes recognized the authority of their tribal leaders in solving misunderstandings. The most egregious wrongdoings committed were theft, and the three most popular punishments were payment to the aggrieved party, public shaming, and banishment. Some participants considered the customary conflict resolution as inhuman and preferred the modern society’s way, but few conservatives wanted to preserve the tradition. The findings suggest that academic institutions may develop educational materials that discuss tribal customary laws, not only for knowledge dissemination but also to preserve the norms of indigenous peoples regarding conflict resolution.